American Pop Culture free essay sample

Television is a major trend because it influences how we view society today. Long gone are the days of wholesome family sitcoms such as Happy Days and Lavender and Shirley, we know have Family Guy, The Office, and reality shows. The language and situations used in these programs today would not have been acceptable, and probably would have been banned, a couple decades ago. Fashion is a trend that is always changing. These changes can occur due to the influences of the popular celebrities and musicians that society holds in gig regard.American popular culture has a significant influence on personal decision making. In todays society we are surrounded by advertisements, celebrities, magazines and web sites which show us how we should dress, how much we should weigh, how to wear our hair, what car we should drive, what we should eat and drink and so on. It is part of our human nature to want to fit in. We will write a custom essay sample on American Pop Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When faced with a decision, we are most apt to decide with the most popular trends of our time. We choose products and services that we have been exposed to in our daily life. American Pop Culture free essay sample Culture is the learned behavior of our society. This may include knowledge, beliefs, values, customs, art, entertainment, and the way we act, feel or think about our surroundings. Popular culture is a shared knowledge and behaviors of a society at a specific time. It Is widespread and generally accepted by most people. Three major trends In American pop culture are music, television, and fashion. The music listened to at a specific time is the voice of that generation expressing themselves. The asss had disco, the asss had new wave and big hair bands, and the gs had pop, rap and grunge bands.Television is a major trend because it influences how we view society today. Long gone are the days of wholesome family sitcoms such as Happy Days and Lavender and Shirley, we know have Family Guy, The Office, and reality shows. The language and situations used in these programs today would not have been acceptable, and probably would have been banned, a couple decades ago. We will write a custom essay sample on American Pop Culture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Fashion Is a trend that is always changing. These changes can occur due to the Influences of the popular celebrities and musicians that society holds In sigh regard.American popular culture has a gallants Influence on personal decision making. In todays society we are surrounded by advertisements, celebrities, magazines and web sites which show us how we should dress, how much we should weigh, how to wear our hair, what car we should drive, what we should eat and drink and so on. It is part of our human nature to want to fit in. When faced with a decision, we are most apt to decide with the most popular trends of our time. We choose products and services that we have been exposed to in our daily life.

Obasan By Joy Kogawa Essay Example For Students

Obasan By Joy Kogawa Essay Today, society has become a boisterous world of communication. From telephone conversations to live Internet chat and e-mail, the world has never before been quite so in touch. In the novel Obasan, by Joy Kogawa, Naomi Nakane does not have technology to communicate. Instead, she faces the dilemma of communicating at all. From her family, Naomi is shown the many faceted truths of speech and communication. From strong, silent Obasan, to stubborn, resolute Aunt Emily, Naomi finds that one can correspond with others through silence as well as through speech. As a child, Naomi spends much of her life in non-communicative silence, only to help further the distance between herself and her mother. As Naomi grows into womanhood and beyond, she discovers that in speech lays understanding and, unfortunately, pain and sorrow. Joy Kogawa’s tale of Naomi Nakane shows how one young girl can live a tortured life and find peace living life in between silence speech. Naomi’s relationship with Obasan is an influential one, molded from love, respect, and understanding. Naomi describes Obasan’s way of communication best when she say declares, â€Å"The language of her grief is silence. She has learned it well, its idioms its nuances. Over the years the silence with her small body has grown large and powerful†(Obasan 17). Obasan’s silent stance provides a firm starting point for Naomi to return to when she needs to find her bearings. Obasan provides Naomi only positive reinforcement when it comes down to determining the right and wrongs of silence. Obasan used her silence to protect the children from the many faceted horror known as truth. The truth behind Naomi’s mother was requested to be kept from Naomi and her brother, but it was also potentially damaging to them as well. â€Å"The memories were drowned in a whirlpool of protective silence†¦ For the sake of the children, calmness was maintained†(Obas an 26). Aunt Emily believes that the only way to live at peace in the present, you must live in peace with your past. Emily gets this across to Naomi when she goes on a rant and says â€Å"You have to remember. You are your history. If you cut any of it off you’re an amputee. Don’t deny the past. Remember everything. If you’re bitter, be bitter. Cry it out! Scream! Denial is gangrene. Look at you, Naomi, shuffling back and forth between Cecil and Granton, unable to go or stay in the world with even a semblance of grace or ease†(Obasan 60). Unfortunately, for the quiet Naomi, Emily also believes that in order to be at peace with your past you must stand up and yell at those at fault for reconciliation. Emily shows that her beliefs remain contingent upon facts, and that everyone needs to be on the same page before healing can begin. â€Å"’It matters to get the facts straight†¦Reconciliation can’t begin without mutual recognition of the facts,’ she said. ‘Facts?’ ‘Yes, facts. What’s right is right. What’s wrong is wrong. Health starts somewhere.’† (Obasan 219)Naomi cannot comprehend the angle with which her aunt approaches life. While Naomi may believe reconciliation is in order, she is only discouraged when she looks to see where speech has placed her Aunt Emily. â€Å"If Aunt Emily with her billions of letters and articles and speeches, her tears and her rage, her friends and her committees—if all that couldn’t bring contentment, what was the point† (Obasan 50). Naomi becomes more and more frustrated when she sees the futile efforts of her Aunt. Albeit, she does believe that what her Aunt is doing is important for her Aunt, she cannot see the use if the results of such hard laborious tasks go for naught. The Tell Tale Heart EssayWhen Aunt Emily finally discloses the story of Naomi and Stephen’s mother, Naomi takes the news very stoically. She is happy to finally know what happened, confused because she does not understand why she was not told sooner, and saddened, because she would have liked to see her mother, disfigurement and all. Now that her mother is dead, she does not get the chance relinquish the great weight of Mr. Gower from her soul, and continues to live, disfigured in her own way. Her mother was the only one that could have helped her and now, â€Å"Dead hands can no longer touch our outstretched hands or move to heal†(Obasan 294). Naomi had suffered wounds so psychologically damaging that only her mother could heal. While Ojisan remains like a stone and Emily remains ever vocal, Naomi’s brother Stephen goes off on his own tangent. Stephen denies his Japanese heritage because of the discrimination he has faced from others. Stephen does not want to be Japanese and instead puts forth all his efforts to be white. He takes upon himself the habit of eating only ‘white’ food, like hamburgers and sandwiches, and wearing white clothing. Stephen does not talk because those who talk draw attention, which is precisely what Stephen does not want to do. Instead of speech or writing, Stephen uses music as his voice. Worst of all, Stephen distances himself from the family, moves away and attempts to rid himself of all Japanese ties, only calling home once a year. As Naomi’s last immediate family member, Stephen only hampers the healing process, which Naomi must attend to. Naomi’s childhood, a terrible and brutal struggle for such a young delicate flower, yields to a blossoming adulthood of understanding and compassion. Although her wounds will never fully heal, Naomi has come to terms with her mother’s absence and her family’s silence. While Stephen does not adapt at all, and instead runs from his problems, Naomi allows herself to become immersed in the flood of her problems. Naomi Nakane spends the early years of her life trying to determine where in the confusion she will take her stand in the battle between verbal communication and silent acceptance, only to find that she has no choice and fate has decided that she will remain silent, longing to speak. BibliographyObasan by Joy KogawaBook Reports

Stalking 101 Essays - Abuse, Aggression, Harassment, Crimes

Stalking 101 Stalking 101 Since the beginning of time, people have been following people. Some people do it for the sake of escaping their own life. Some people do it for the love of the hunt. All in all, stalking someone can be satisfying, fun, entertaining, and sometimes lucrative. Step one is to select a person and find basic information on them. One should try to select a person based on what you would get out of stalking them. Potential success, and convenience. If you are stalking for the sheer fun of stalking them, I would suggest finding people using a phone book. A phone book contains hundreds of people including their addresses and phone numbers. If you choose to stalk someone that you already know, you may obtain his or her personal information by asking them or their close friends or you may still use a phone book as a reference. Step two is to learn the victims everyday schedule. Follow them for at least two weeks in order to find what they do every day. In this, as in most steps, documentation is useful. Be sure to write down where they are and what they are doing at any given time on any given day. This is very important, as you will need to know when they will be out of their home and how long they will be gone. Which brings me to step three, which is home surveillance. This step is one of the most important. Stalking a person without learning about how they act in their everyday life and in private would be useless. Two vital pieces of equipment would be the phone tap and the hidden camera. These will be your ears and eyes into the world of the person you are stalking. This equipment can be constructed using parts found at your local Radio Shack and application may be difficult based on how the devices are built. Keep in mind that the smaller you build the devices, the less likely they will be discovered. These need to be invisible and stay invisible. To install these devices, you will need to refer to the schedule you recorded of the individual in step two and find a suitable time period in which the person will not be home long enough for you to slip inside, install the devices, and get out undetected. You MAY install some at one time and finish up at a later time, as long as you get all devices necessary to follow the person at all times. Step three is to follow and document. This process is what all of your work has been leading up to. In this step you will simply follow, watch, listen, and document any important information. This steps length can be as long as you see fit, as long as you get sufficient satisfaction out of it. Step four is an optional one This one involves making your presence known. This step is in no way mandatory, as you may be the type to stay invisible, but if you enjoy taking credit for your hard work, this is a suggested step to take. To accomplish this you must be creative. You need to drop small hints of your existence as a stalker to the stalking victim. Photos and letters are good places to start. When you think the person being stalked is aware of his/her watcher then you should let them see your face, but only briefly, and dont allow them to know that it is you stalking them. Finally, you should come out and introduce yourself as being their stalker in some indirect way. This will insure that you have obtained all the possible satisfaction from the stalking as possible. As you now know, stalking a person is a long and drawn out process and should be done quietly. If you complete all these steps it can make your stalking as fun and exciting as possible. Stalking 101 Thesis: Stalking someone can be satisfying, fun, entertaining, and sometimes lucrative. A. Select a person 1. Phone Book 2. Stranger or Friend B. Needed information 1. Daily Schedule C. Equipment 1. Phone Tap 2. Hidden Cameras 3. Installation D. Watching E. Making yourself known English Essays

When Should You Lie at Work

When Should You Lie at Work Lying is wrong. We’ve got that rule down pretty well. But what if sometimes a tiny wee fib actually might be much less wrong than telling the truth? What if it could, in fact, protect you from job-related disaster? We’re not advocating lying often, or really much at all. But here are 3 situations in which, on a case-by-case basis, it might be okay not to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but.1. You’re looking for a new jobEspecially if you’re only looking because you fear (with good reason) that your company is about to start making layoffs, or pay cuts, or that your department might be due for a shake-up. It is possible to get fired from your old job merely for looking for a new job. Keep your cards close to your vest. Tell your prospective employers to refrain from contacting your current employer as a reference if you can get away with it as well.2. You don’t really want to go team-building bowlingYou’ll have to go to lots and l ots of happy hours and dinners and parties, particularly if your company is a social one. But every once in a while, it’s perfectly reasonable to need a night to yourself. Try to do this sparingly, and make sure not to overuse your go-to excuses. But it is important to take time for yourself, and sometimes a vague fib about a prior commitment can do the trick without offending anyone.3. You have a gap on your resumeWait, that can’t be right. The very last place you’re ever supposed to bend the truth is on your resume, right? Well†¦it is possible to finesse the truth in small, but potent ways. Not lying, per se, just not volunteering information that could adversely affect your chances.Try formatting your resume to emphasize your accomplishments and skills, rather than to list a precise chronology of your positions. It’s not 100% honest, but it’s not entirely dishonest either. Be prepared to answer any questions honestly in the interview- so ha ve something to say about why the gap is there before you go this route.

How Roche Diagnostics Develops Global Managers Research Paper

How Roche Diagnostics Develops Global Managers - Research Paper Example Roche develops global managers through global rotation program called Perspectives program. Employees with MBAs or PhD degree can participate in this international career program that consists of four assignments each lasting six months. Each assignment is taken in a different country, or laboratory and 95 percent of all participants have completed the program successfully. How Roche diagnostics develops global managers Who is responsible for developing global leaders The organization has the responsibility of developing global leaders. The management and the human resource department should initiate strategies and career development programs in order to develop global leaders (Smilansky, 2006). The global marketplace requires employees with multiple skills like communication capability and ability to understand the global business culture. Global organizations operate in multiple locations and usually provide goods and services that are suitable for the particular national market an d which consider the culture of the country (Smilansky, 2006). The parent country and host country should cooperate by allowing work permit for global managers in order to create a pool of talented global leaders. Global organizations require marketing strategies that consider flexibility due to the differences in market needs and culture of the people. Additionally, business schools have a role to play in highlighting the global economy and cultures of different locations in the world. Advanced business degrees should focus on real business experiences of multiple international business locations (Smilansky, 2006). Ramifications of not having global leaders In my profession field, there are various ramifications of not having global leaders in the marketing field. Global leaders influence the marketing and global brand management strategies selected by the organization due to cultural issues in different locations. There will be limited opportunities for professional growth and car eer advancement and organizations will experience high labor turnover and inability to attract and retain multi-skilled employees (Smilansky, 2006). Without global leaders, the language selected in advertisements and promotional materials will not fit the culture of the location since some countries like Japanese prefer a high-context language and direct messages, unlike low-context cultures (Smilansky, 2006). Without global leaders, an organization will not understand the values and attitudes of consumers in a particular location. The organization will also fail in new product design and packaging since aesthetics such as taste, smell and size influence the attitudes of the consumers towards a product depending on their culture (McCall & Hollenbeck, 2002). Such organizations will lose market share and ultimately decline the productivity of the product in particular locations. Without the global leaders, the organization will not understand the unique needs and preferences of consum ers and the needs of the workforce thus leading to decline in market share (McCall & Hollenbeck, 2002). US public policy changes that can encourage companies to develop global leaders Roche’s Perspectives program invests many resources in the development of global leaders, but there are public policy changes which can be made in the U.S to encourage compani

Dionaea Muscipula As A Carnivorous Plant Research Paper

Dionaea Muscipula As A Carnivorous Plant - Research Paper Example This gives the plant a small boost of nutrients hence promoting growth. Like any other plant that exists, the Venus flytrap also performs photosynthesis. The Venus flytrap’s leaves perform photosynthesis. The plants make use of the sunlight’s energy in creating sugar for fueling the plant. The broad leaves that are just below the traps act as the solar collectors. There is a very close relationship that is in existence between the plants’ activities of insect trapping and the plant’s rate of photosynthesis. The rate of photosynthesis on the Venus flytrap plants tends to slow down during as well as after the closure of the trap. Although the Venus flytrap is a carnivorous plant, photosynthesis is essential for the survival of this plant. The above discussion gives an analysis of how the bio system of the Venus flytrap works. It is a plant with unique characters. It is evident that its carnivorous status acts as an adaptive feature of this plant in its boggy environment. It grows in an environment that lacks very crucial nutrients. Digestion of the insects helps the plant to extract these nutrients hence supplementing the deficiency of these nutrients in the plants. These nutrients include nitrogen and phosphorous. The plant requires these nutrients so as to survive. It is hence evident that the plant has to trap insects and feed on them so as to survive. The electrical properties of the Venus flytrap are essential in the built environment as they help in responding to stress, which might be experienced in the environment.

Determination of Sodium Thiopental Using Gold Nanoparticles

Determination of Sodium Thiopental Using Gold Nanoparticles Development of a new colorimetric method for the determination of sodium thiopental using gold nanoparticles Sodium thiopental (sodium pentothal) is in a group of drugs called barbiturates.this barbiturate commonly used anesthetic induction agents in man and animals because recovery is rapid and it has the advantage of having very little or no side effects[1].It is used for intensive-care patients with head injuries to control convulsions and reduce raised intracranial pressure[2]. As a resultmonitoring of theserum concentrations is important in this patient population. Several analytical procedures have been reported for the quantitative determination of thiopental. Among these high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are more popular. HPLC assays are not completely reliable, and do not have the short process-time required in most of the above-mentioned indications[3, 4]. other methods are available for determining thiopental including stripping voltammetry[5],membrane sensors[6],capacitive chemical sensor [7],gas chromatography (GC)[8],spectrophotometric and spectrophotofluorometric[9, 10]. Donald et al[11]reported that, after the usual 4.8 mg/kg induction doses, thiopental concentration in serum as a function of time varies between 10 mg/L to 25 mg/L during 50h.As stated before most of these currently used methods for sodium thiopental detection usually need expensive and complicated instruments and are time-consuming, making on-site and real-time thiopental detection difficult. Therefore, it is important to develop a simple reliable and hig hly sensitive method for on-site and real-time detection of sodium thiopental. Recently, gold nanoparticles (NPs) explored for metallic NP-based colorimetric detection have attracted considerable attention due to biocompatibility, stability, and high extinction coefficients[12]. gold nanoparticles present size-dependent optical properties owing to the surface plasma resonance(SPR)[12]. The color of the colloidal Au NPs can be readily and precisely changed via aggregation of Au NPs.Au NPs were widely applied in colorimetric detection of several analytes such as protein, DNA, metal ions and small molecules[ ]. In this study, we used gold nanoparticles as a colorimetric probe for sensitive and selective detection of sodium thiopental. The gold nanoparticles were prepared using the classical citrate method [12].thiopental on the surface of AuNPs displaced the stabilizing citrate ions because thiol group of sodium thiopental tends to readily adsorb onto the surface of colloidal gold via chemisorptions-type interactions. The thiopental capped Au NPs were stable at basic and neutral conditions .Puntes et al [13] have studied the stability of cationic gold nanoparticle bioconjugates as a function of pH and the presence of citrate in solution. The pH of an aqueous solution of thiopental-Au NPs was varied by direct addition of citrate buffer. the thiopental-Au NPs can be aggregated by adding certain amounts of citrate buffer due to the electrostatic attraction between amino group contained in thiopental molecular and citrate ion on the surface of Au NPs, the amino group of the thiopental would be positively charged at the given pH value and they would therefore interact electrostatically with the negative charges of the citrate molecules. Thus forcing the aggregation of the conjugated Au NPs and subsequently resulting in the color change from wine red to purple or blue color.So that we detected it by UV–Vis spectrophotometer and paptode techniques and contrast both methods.First time at 2004 paptode was developed in Dr. Abbaspour group for speciation of iron(II) and iron(III) and the full range pH monitoring [14]. Then it was used for the determination of dopamine [15], hydrazine [16]. In paptode, conventional à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡atbed -scanner (as a nondestructive detector) was used to acquire the analytical parameters for quantitative determination of analyte that occurs via colorimetric reaction. The estimated re à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ection density, as an analytical parameter, is obtained from an area of the sensing zone of spots using the average Red (R), Green (G) and Blue (B) channel. Degrees of the color of the spots are found to be proportional to the concentration of the testedanalyte. Experimental section: Reagents: HAuCl4.3H2O, trisodium citrate and citric acid were purchased from Sigma. Thiopental was obtained from Biochemie (Kundl, Austria) and zinc sulfate purchased from Fluka All solutions were prepared with ultrapure water Apparatus and software: The colorimetric study of NPs were performed by means of a Shimadzu 1601PC UV–Vis spectrophotometer (Kyoto, Japan)from 300 to 700 nm. Also a Canon scanner were used to record the color changes in paptode technique. The paptode Cells were built by creation of the holes (i.d 1.5 cm) in the sheet of plexiglas (thickness 0.9 cm). We used by photoshop Cs6 software to convert the recorded pictures of color of cells to RGB (Red, Green and Blue) and L*a*b data. The morphology and size of the nanoparticles were characterized by a transmission electron microscope (TEM model CM10; Philips). The X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were obtained by using a D8 ADVANCE type (BRUKER-Germany) with Cu-KÃŽ ± radiation (ÃŽ »= 0.1542 nm). Powder XRD patterns were taken in 0.02 ° steps at 1 s per step. All the experiments were carried out at room temperature(25  ± 2 C) Synthesis of citrate-stabilized Au nanocrystals: Nanoparticles of noble metal were prepared by classical citrate method[12].the10ml of 0.014M of trisodium citrate dehydrate solution was added quickly to the 100ml of boiling solution of 0.5mM of HAuCl4.3H2O under magnetic stirring. The stirring was continued until a dark red color was observed (around 20 min) and the maximum absorbance of AuNPs solution was centered at 520 nm Sample preparation: Fresh human blood samples (2.0 mL) were obtained from volunteers of the local hospital. After letting sample stand for 60 min at room temperature we centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was used as the source of the serum. We used zinc sulfate method as a deproteinization technique[]: we vortex-mix for 10s of the 10ml of serum sample and 150mg zinc sulfate, then we centrifuged the mixture at 3000 rpm for 20 min. The supernatant, which excluded protein, was used for further analysis. Procedures for the detection of sodium thiopental: In a typical detection of sodium thiopental, different amounts of thiopental solution were added to the above XmlAu NPs solutions at room temperature. we proceeded to study the behavior of the conjugated system by modifying the pH . To investigate the effect of pH of the buffer solutions on thiopental detection, 0.5 mL of 0.1 M buffer solution (citric buffer solution in the pH range of 3.0–6.0 ) was added in mixture of thiopental and Au NPs solution. The obvious color change was observed with the naked eye and the absorbance spectra and scanning images of the solution were recorded 1 min after the addition of citrate buffer. In spectroscopy technique ,The concentration of sodium thiopental was quantified by the absorption ratio (A670/A520). Results and discussion Citrate was chosen as the stabilizer for AuNPs because it is negatively charged, and can act as a stabilizingagent to disperse AuNPs in aqueous solutions. The Au NPs after synthesis showed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 405 nm (Fig. 1a). the addition of sodium thiopental doesn’t led to a color change of Au NPsin ultrapure water, although the thiol group of sodium thiopental tends to readily adsorb onto the surface of Au NPs.The pH of AuNPs solution in present of sodium thiopental is 10.2 and Puntes et al[13]reportedthat the presence of charged molecules insolution may induce NPs aggregation by bridging particlestogether. It was observed that multiple electrostatic interactions between the conjugates mediated by cross-linking species led to an effective strong bond and consequently to irreversible aggregation and precipitation. So that at the given pH value , charge of thiopental can be change and thenthe color of the colloidal thiopental-Au NPs can be changed to blu e (broad band above 600 nm).*Scrutiny of pH/Concentrate diagrams of citrate and thiopental shows that at the pH of between 5 to 7 , charge of citrate and thiopental can benegative and neutralfig S1. But when sodium thiopental add to AuNPs solution, the S- group in the sodium thiopental provides a strong affinity for gold. So that orbital of thiol group of thiopentalinvolved for Au NPs surface and when pH change from 10.2 to 6 , the amino group of the thiopental would be accepted H + and get positive charge. In present of excesscitrate at the pH of 6 , thiopental-AuNPscan be aggregated via electrostatic attraction between the citrate ions and the thiopental. So that in this study we used citrate buffer solutionfor control of pH( in the pH range of 3.0–6.0) and source of citrate (as a bridging factor). The aggregation mechanism of Au NPs is illustrated in Fig. 1. Optimization pH and time we proceeded to study the behavior of the conjugated system by modifying the pH( 7.1-5.4). The pH of an aqueous solution of0.00001M thiopental capped AuNPs was varied by direct addition of 0.05Mcitrate buffer to the solution andThe UV-Vis spectrum wasmonitored and the extinction ratio of absorbance at 600 nm to 420 nm (A600/A410) is plotted against the pH inFig. 3A. The thiopental-capped Au NPs were stable at basic and neutral conditions.When the pH of the solution was below the 6.4 , Au NPs agglomerated.the aggregation was solely due to the bridging citrate between the amine functionality.Onthe basis of this optimization experiment, the pH was set to 6.2 to achieve a best aggregationFig. 3A.When the pH was decreased immediately from 5.4 after the addition of the citrate buffer scatteringwasobserved.Fig. 3A illustrates theabsorption spectra of AuNPs at different pH value. At the concentration of sodium thiopental as 0.00001M, the extinction ratio ofA650/A520 at room temperatureexhibited a rapid increaseduring the first 1.5min,then increased gradually from 1 min to 18 min and then remained constantFig 3B. Thus, the detection time was chosen as 20 min. We choseto use the absorbance ratio at 500 and 600 wavelengths to quantify thecolor of the system,thecolor change at various sodium thiopental concentrations were monitored byUV/Vis spectroscopyfig4A.Quantitative analysis was performed by monitoringthe absorbanceat 1minute after the addition of citrate buffer Fig4B .The linear range, detection limit and reproducibilityof the method were evaluated under the optimumconditions.Thecalibration curve for sodium thiopental was linear in two ranges of( †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. To †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦) with correlation coefficients 0.9981 and0.9979, respectively. The Experimental detection limit has been obtained as 2 µM. The relative standard deviation(R.S.D.) for1.0Ãâ€"10−8M thiopental measurementwas2.7% (n=11)Fig4A .when thiopental concentrationincreased above 0.0005M, scattering was observed fig3B because thiopental polymerized white citrate molecule. So that we tried paptode techniques to resolve thisproblem FigS1. Although the higher concentrations of sodium thiopental was determined by paptode, but the limit of detection was rather high (LOD 10  µM) in comparison to the spectrophotometric method. The detailed procedure for sodium thiopental determination by the paptode method is explained in supporting information. To test the selectivity of the above method for sodium thiopental, we testing the response of the assay to some potential interference species and structurally similar to the sodium thiopental such as†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.in optimum condition and different concentration .the results areshown in bar diagramFigure 8 .red barsexhibit Color changes of the solution in thepresence of various interference species at concentrations of 10mMand bluebars exhibit Color changes in presence ofinterference species at real concentration in serum ( 1M cysteine, 2M†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦), The maximum absorption wavelength of AuNPs did notchange in the presence of the tested species, Except for cysteineat concentrations of 10mM. Therefore, AuNPs had good selectivity for sodium thiopental detection in optimum condition in the serum. Colorimetric detection of sodium thiopental in serum: To validate the reliability of the proposed method for sodium thiopental detection in real samples, The unknown amounts of thiopental were added to thethree different human serum samples before samplespre-treatment .Detecting of sodium thiopental in a serum is not easy because of the serum constituents.the color of the Au NPs was not stable by the addition of the blank serum. So that it mustdiluted ten times. As regardsthe calibration curve for detection thiopental by this methodand dilution of serum and thiopental concentration in serum as a function of time varies after the usual 4.8 mg/kg induction doses [] , we can detect sodium thiopental in human serumbefore 3 hour.samples were determined by both the AuNP-based method reported herein and the standard addition method. Satisfactory results and recoveries as shown in Table 2. The satisfactory results obtained indicate that proposed sensors can be applied to real sample assays. [1] H. Russo, F. Bressolle, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 35 (1998) 95-134. [2] R.I. Katz, J.T. Skeen, C. Quartararo, P.J. Poppers, Anesthesia Analgesia, 66 (1987) 1328-1330. [3] H. Russo, J.L. Allaz, F. Bressolle, Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications, 694 (1997) 239-245. [4] G. Coppa, R. Testa, A.M. Gambini, I. Testa, M. Tocchini, A.R. Bonfigli, Clinica Chimica Acta, 305 (2001) 41-45. [5] A.M.M. Ali, O.A. Farghaly, M.A. Ghandour, Analytica Chimica Acta, 412 (2000) 99-110. [6] N.M.H. Rizk, A.-H.M. Othman, Analytical Sciences, 21 (2005) 107-110. [7] M. Najafi, A.A. Baghbanan, Electroanalysis, 24 (2012) 1236-1242. [8] W.R. Kà ¼lpmann, Z. Anal. Chem., 311 (1982) 409. [9] G.A. Saleh, Talanta, 46 (1998) 111-121. [10] P.G. Dayton, J.M. Perel, M.A. Landrau, L. Brand, L.C. Mark, Biochemical Pharmacology, 16 (1967) 2321-2336. [11] D. Jung, M. Mayersohn, D. Perrier, Clinical Chemistry, 27 (1981) 113-115. [12] M.-C. Daniel, D. Astruc, Chemical Reviews, 104 (2004) 293-346. [13] I. Ojea-JimeÃÅ' nez, V. Puntes, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131 (2009) 13320-13327. [14] A. Abbaspour, M.A. Mehrgardi, A. Noori, M.A. Kamyabi, A. Khalafi-Nezhad, M.N. Soltani Rad, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 113 (2006) 857-865. [15] A. Abbaspour, A. Khajehzadeh, A. Ghaffarinejad, Analyst, 134 (2009) 1692-1698. [16] A. Abbaspour, E. Mirahmadi, A. Khajehzadeh, Analytical Methods, 2 (2010) 349-353.